Thursday, October 31, 2013

Captive’s Own Account of 18 Years as a Hostage

Such are the scenes that emerge from testimony released this week in the case of Jaycee Dugard, who was kidnapped at age 11 and held against her will for 18 years.

On Thursday, Phillip and Nancy Garrido were sentenced to lengthy terms for Ms. Dugard’s kidnapping, rape and imprisonment. After the sentencing, Judge Douglas C. Phimister of El Dorado County Superior Court released a redacted version of grand jury testimony Ms. Dugard gave in September, revealing new details about her captivity.

It also offers a glimpse into the twisted thinking of Mr. Garrido — a convicted sex offender on parole for a 1976 attack on a Nevada casino worker — and his justification for his crime.

Ms. Dugard says, for instance, that she was raped shortly after she was kidnapped, and repeatedly thereafter during sessions that Mr. Garrido — who used methamphetamine — described as “runs.” But Mr. Garrido told Ms. Dugard that she was simply “helping him” with a “sex problem.”

He said “he got me so that he wouldn’t have to do this to anybody else,” Ms. Dugard recalls.

The accounts also include a chilling description of the morning of Ms. Dugard’s kidnapping — June 10, 1991 — near her home in South Lake Tahoe, Calif. Ms. Dugard said she had been walking to a bus stop when she was spotted by the Garridos, who had been hunting for a young girl.

“This car comes up behind me,” Ms. Dugard said in her testimony. “I didn’t feel it was weird at the time, but it kind of pulled in close,” adding she thought that the person was going to ask for directions.

Suddenly, however, Ms. Dugard said she felt a shock through her body — the Garridos used a stun gun — and she fell into a bush. It was then she saw Phillip Garrido for the first time.

“He gets out and I stumble back into the bushes,” Ms. Dugard recalled.

She was thrown into the back seat and covered by a blanket. “And then I heard voices in the front, and the man said, ‘I can’t believe we got away with it,’ and he started laughing,” Ms. Dugard said.

Later, Ms. Dugard describes being taken to the Garridos’ home outside Antioch, Calif., a Bay Area suburb, where she pleaded for her release.

“I just wanted to go home,” she said. “I kept telling him that, you know, ‘I don’t know why you’re doing this. If you’re holding me for ransom, my family doesn’t have a lot of money.’ ”

“I didn’t know his purpose,” she said.

When the Garridos were arrested in August 2009, the authorities discovered a hidden backyard compound made up of ramshackle tents and sheds, including a small, sparsely furnished two-room building where Ms. Dugard said she was held.

Ms. Dugard spent most of the first year alone — except during Mr. Garrido’s sexual assaults — though Mr. Garrido gave her a cat to keep her company. (He eventually took the animal away after the smell of urine got too strong in her room.)

Ms. Dugard was eventually introduced to Ms. Garrido, who took over feeding their captive, and the Garridos moved into the shed themselves. “Basically, we were all sleeping in the same room,” she said. “We watched TV together. I didn’t feel as lonely anymore.” They also gave her Barbie dolls to play with.

But there was also intimidation from Mr. Garrido, including attack dogs and threats to use the stun gun.

“He would turn it on and say something like, you know, ‘You don’t want it to happen again. You should be good.’ ”

In 1993, Mr. Garrido returned to prison for a short time for an unspecified parole violation, a period during which Ms. Dugard remembers asking Ms. Garrido where he was. She said “he was on this island for a little vacation,” Ms. Dugard said. “And he came back with an ankle bracelet.”

Ms. Dugard was glad not to suffer any more sexual attacks during that period, and the rapes were less frequent after Ms. Dugard got pregnant at age 13. She gave birth to a daughter in 1994 in the building where she was held, with Ms. Garrido helping with the delivery.

“He knew I was really scared about getting pregnant again,” Ms. Dugard said. “He said he just couldn’t help himself, but he was really trying to stop.”

Ms. Dugard did eventually get pregnant again, giving birth to a second daughter in 1997, a result of a final attack by Mr. Garrido. “That’s the last time he had sex with me, was when she was conceived,” Ms. Dugard said.

Soon after, they just started “acting like a family,” celebrating birthdays, and “just trying to be normal, I guess.” There was a backyard pool and a family printing business.

At one point during her testimony, Ms. Dugard was shown a journal she kept, including entries in which she called herself a coward for not trying to escape, though longing for freedom. But, she said, “I couldn’t leave. I had the girls.”

Near the end of the testimony, Ms. Dugard describes the final days of her ordeal, in August 2009, after Mr. Garrido had been brought in by parole officers for questioning after a campus officer at the University of California, Berkeley, had raised their suspicions.

Ms. Dugard, who went with Mr. Garrido to the meeting, had been told to lie for him and to give her name as “Alissa,” but parole officers soon began peppering her with questions about her identity, flustering her.

Moments later, an officer came in and said Mr. Garrido had confessed to the kidnapping.

“I started crying,” Ms. Dugard said. “And she said, ‘You need to tell me your name.’ ”

“And I said that I can’t because I hadn’t said my name in 18 years,” Ms. Dugard said. But then, she said, “I wrote it down.”


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Monday, October 14, 2013

A Stream of Postcards, Shot by Phone

The rising star of these is Instagram, a start-up in San Francisco with just four employees. In eight months, the company has attracted close to five million users to its iPhone-only service — no doubt earning the envy of its more established rivals. And Instagram is steadily growing, adding about a million users a month.

The app emphasizes simplicity. Users can choose from a variety of special effects to layer over photos, sharpening the contrast or applying a vintage, weathered look. Then they upload the photo to their Instagram feed, forming a river of pictures, not unlike a photo-only version of Twitter.

As on Twitter, users can follow others to see what they are posting. They can also tap to “like” pictures and comment on them, making Instagram a slimmed-down social network. People snap and post pictures of anything, like pretty wallpaper at a restaurant or artsy close-ups of their cat climbing on the bed in the morning, offering a behind-the-scenes look at their lives.

Those who study the way people socialize online say cellphone photos are becoming an integral part of sharing and communicating.

“It’s another way to start a conversation online, and so much easier than sitting in front of a computer because it’s mobile,” said S. Shyam Sundar, the co-director of the Media Effects Research Laboratory at Pennsylvania State University.

Professor Sundar said people once tended to take photos on special occasions, like birthdays and vacations, then post a big batch on services like Picasa and Flickr and share a link with friends. But with the introduction of smartphones with improved cameras, coupled with the rise of services like Facebook and Twitter, people are more accustomed to constantly documenting moments and sharing throughout the day.

“Instagram came on the scene right when people were beginning to work that into their regular broadcasting routine,” he said. “The convenience of a way to do it from your mobile phone — very easy.”

Kevin Systrom, a founder and the chief executive of Instagram, said the service’s early traction stemmed from its ability to make casual cellphone pictures look like works of art, with the help of filters.

“We set out to solve the main problem with taking pictures on a mobile phone,” he said, which is that they are often blurry or poorly composed. “We fixed that.”

The service has benefited from being easier to use than some of its rivals, said Brian Blau, a research director at Gartner. “You take a photo, add a filter, post it online,” he said. “It’s the equivalent of firing off a tweet; it doesn’t require much thought or effort.”

Mr. Blau said Instagram’s early emphasis on opening its service to outside developers had helped it spread. For example, the service has given rise to a healthy network of companies and applications that offer ways to turn your shared photos into photobooks, framed prints and postcards. “You have a whole work force of software developers and entrepreneurs building products on top of your product,” he said.

The service is also attracting celebrities, brands and news organizations that see it as a new and nuanced way to interact with an audience. News outlets including NPR, ABC News, National Geographic, MTV and NBC are using Instagram to share picture updates and give audiences an insider’s view of their operations.

Joe Ruffalo, a senior vice president at ABC News Digital, said the company was experimenting with delivering news photos on Instagram as a way to reach people on a more intimate level.

“It provides a very different perspective to our followers than what they encounter on the Web or TV,” he said. ABC News has about 26,000 followers on Instagram, far fewer than on Facebook and Twitter.

Snoop Dogg and Rosie O’Donnell are Instagrammers, and Jamie Oliver, the British chef, uploads pictures of the meals he makes at home, as well as reminders to watch his TV show.


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